I bought an ESP-01 module from china to try it. I also bought a USB programmer to program it with the Arduino IDE and everything works perfectly.
I connected a LED to the GPIO0 via a resistor. I loaded a sketch that flashes the LED and everything works.
I would duplicate the same function on other 4 modules. This time I bought them on Amazon from TINXI vendor.
I did the same links. At power up, the modules respond to the AT commands correctly, signaling that everything works. Once the sketch is loaded, the module does not run the program. The LED connected to GPIO0 remains lit and there are no signs of life.
The red LED on the module turns on and the blue LED blinks once only.
By connecting the GPIO0 pin to GND the modules enter the programming mode correctly. Sketch upload always ends up 100% without errors.
I tried to reload the original Espressif firmware to return to the AT commands, but even so, the modules are not running again.
If I try to repeat the operations on the first Chinese module, this works perfectly.
This is the photo of the module purchased in china.
This is the photo of the modules purchased on Amazon.
And this is the programmer I use.
Sorry for the long post. If anyone has some idea, I would be very grateful.